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Carmel River History
1603 Carmelite
friars accompanying Vizcaino expedition come upon a stream and name it El Rio
de Carmelo in honor of their patroness, Our Lady of Mount Carmel.
1600s Five
districts of Esselen tribes were located in the Carmel
Valley and Santa Lucia Mountains.
Their population, at that time, is estimated at 1,285. Food sources
consisted of hunting, fishing and gathering nuts and berries. The Esselen did not engage in crop farming. (An Overview of Esselen Indians, page 11-12,
Breschini and Haversat).
Spanish Mission
The Esselen and Rumsen Indians
had not engaged in crop farming prior to the arrival of the Spaniards. While fishing and hunting were important to
their survival; nuts, berries and bulbs provided an additional food
source. (Life in a California Mission, The Journals of Jean Francois La
Perouse, 1986 pg. 64)
Cattle prospered when
introduced by the Spaniards. When crop
farming failed in the 1770s, milk and dairy products saved the mission and
presidio from starvation. (Life in a California Mission, The
Journals of Jean Francois La Perouse, 1986 pg. 77)
1770 Father
Serra arrives at Monterey.
He writes to Father Juan
Andres: “Or it may be necessary to leave
the presidio here and move the mission with a few soldiers to the banks of the Carmel, two short leagues
to the South. It is a truly delightful
spot, which, thanks to its plentiful supply of both land and water, gives
promise of abundant harvests.” 6/12/1770
(Vandevere)
1771 Father Serra
and eight men move the mission from Monterey to Carmel.
He writes to Francisco Carlos
de Crois: “With the 8 men from the
presidio here, together with the 8 sailors from Capt. Don Juan Perez is
allowing us, this San Carlos Mission if being removed immediately to the banks
of the Carmel River, as your Excellency orders.” 6/18/1771 (Vandevere)
1771 Serra
writes to Father Rafael Verger: “With
reference to crops up to the present we have not even spoken of them. But, as
soon as we are established on the banks of the river, sowing will begin. The land is such that it does not need any
special attention….” 6/20/1771
(Vandervere)
1771 Serra writes to Father Francisco Palou: “What
we did here, we of the mission, in the way of raising crops came to
nothing. We made a little garden nearby
and enclosed it; the Indians doing the digging.
The whole of it became one seeding bed, as Father Fray Juan had all
kinds of seeds. Everything came out fine,
but nothing grew to maturity. We were
all greatly puzzled. Later we found out
that the ground, while showing no signs of it, at times is washed over by the
salt water of the bay and so is fit for nothing but nettles and reeds.” 6/21/1771 (Vandervere)
1772 Serra writes to Father Rafael Verger: “With regard to crops, nothing worthy of the
name has yet been achieved. I will tell
you. We may be able to accomplish
something in this regard later.” 8/8/1772
(Vandervere)
In his annual report he writes:
“Before definitely establishing the mission here, the first concern was to have
the men familiar with farming and state whether it would be easy or difficult
to take water from the river for irrigating these lands. All agreed it would be (easy). Now when we tried to carry it out, they all
reversed themselves and declared it impossible.
This was the chief, if not the only reason why there was a delay about
the sowing for which we longed. Finally,
in the next year and thereafter, we determined to dry farm, which was both wise
and fruitful as shall be seen from the harvest of the following year.”
(Vandervere)
 1773 Serra writes to Antonio Maria de Bucareli y
Ursua: “ In the midst of all their troubles the Fathers sowed during the first
year a piece of ground in wheat; it sprouted and grew very well. But, unfortunately for want of property
knowledge of the territory, they had sown it in low land and then the floods
came and wiped it out and it was a total loss.
What succeeded to perfection was a large garden well enclosed. When I passed by there it was full of all
kinds of vegetables, melons, watermelons etc.
Given hands to cultivate the land, I repeat, much may be expected from
the fertile soil.” Later in the same
letter: “Last year a large acreage of
ground was sown with wheat and a flood of tremendous proportions destroyed most
of it. From what little was saved they
harvested about 8 fanegas of very good quality.
This year, when I was there they were plowing the land with two mules
with good outfits; their intention was to sow the whole of the seed they had
saved from the last harvest. This is the
only mission that has the misfortune of having no running water. The river that is close by, and was so much
spoken of in the beginning, becomes dry after the rainy season has passed. During the year that I lived here, even in the
rainy season no water flowed in it. For
the use of the mission there are a few ponds of good water, and everywhere in
the riverbed, with a little digging in the sane, even by hand, you can reach
water. In this way, while I watched them
do it, the two boats on their last trip got their supply of water. Also there are, in the neighborhood, other
permanent lakes which the animals drink from.
But for irrigating the land and more particularly for a good-sized
garden, it is out of the question. A
vegetable garden is needed here more than anywhere else, especially to supply
fresh greens to the boats and those bound for China, should they make a landing
here.” 5/21/1773 (Vandervere)
1775
Irrigation first mentioned.
Serra writes to Antonio Maria de Bucareli y Ursua: “Without any irrigation, the mission here at
Carmel, from 8 almuds of seed corn, has stored away in the granary a harvest of
150 fanegas 2.5 almuds and this, despite the great damage caused by animals and
thefts. In consequence nobody doubts
that if it had been well guarded, it would have come to 200 fanegas. I say without actual irrigation because although
it does not exist today, we are confident that we will have it without much
trouble. We have not yet begun the work
because there is no need for it.” 1/8/1775 (Vandervere)
1775 Serra
writes to Father Francisco Pangua: “Our
new Christians here are content and well fed.
Besides their daily atole and pozole they are now busy catching sardines
which, for a week now, have been coming in schools to the beach. I do not know if it will be like last year at
this time, when it lasted 20 days. We
also had our season for fresh salmon and it was excellent.” 7/24/1775 (Vandervere)
1775 First
Esselen chief baptized by Franciscans, Pach-hepas, in Cachagua.
1776 Serra writes to Father Francisco Pangua: “Of those who have been added to our numbers
there are more than 200. If the boat be
delayed and an attack is made on the provisions of the mission, it will be
pitiful, especially here, where we are facing the prospect of a bad harvest,
since this year we have had less rain than at any time since we came here. Because of it the wheat, which had never
before appeared so promising, is now drying up.
We are having public prayers for rain; if it does not rain, we are, as
far as we can see, in a terrible plight.”
4/13/1776
(Vandervere)
In his annual report he writes:
“During all this time we failed to get water for irrigation, even though we
took extreme steps. On this account, the
harvests were diverse since they depended on the rain. There were two years in which we had scarcely
harvested 400 fanegas of all grains, from which we had to take the seed which
was to be sown in the following year.
This left very little for so many people and in one year we had recourse
to Mission San Louis (Obispo) to which this (mission) paid 130 pesos in cash.
1776 - 1779 Most
Esselen baptized during this three year period.
Children went to work at the Mission
at the age of nine. (Overview,
Breschini and Haversat, page 27)
1777
Irrigation work begins. Serra
writes to Father Francisco Pangua: “Mission
San Carlos harvested but little, on account of the great drought; but we have
enough to give out atole twice a day to the people, and pozole once a day. And this we go on doing.” 2/26/1777 (Vandervere)
He writes to Antonio Maria de
Bucareli y Ursua: “This year has been extremely dry. That is why, in San Diego
the harvest will amount to nothing, in San Antonio
to very little, and in San Carlos,
while we have worked harder than ever to sow a large acreage, my judgment is
that we will not have a third or the wheat that would ordinarily be
expected. And so, in order not to be
dependent, as we have been until now, on the rains and the excellence of the
land, which is indeed great, we have, for more than a month and a half now,
been busy with the help of more than 30 workmen leading off the water of the
Carmel River, more than a league way. As
a result, we will be able to irrigate as much ground as the mission will be
capable of putting under seed for many years to come.” 6/1/1777 (Vandervere)
1781 Serra writes to Father Fermin Francisco
Lasuen: “I am really beginning to think
that this year our acreage sown to wheat, corn, garden vegetables, etc., will
be under irrigation that the water, should any remain over, will be stored in
the pond near the granary. In this way
it will never go dry and will serve as a fish pond. We sill have to wait about a week or so
before putting it into operation, and then, ‘with the help of God’, we will
start on the church.” 12/8/1781 (Vandervere)
In his annual report he writes:
“The supplies from the preceding harvest, that were used in the beginning of
this year, were sufficient and the planting of barley, wheat and some vegetables
promised a harvest in accordance with the amount of water. Nevertheless, the hope (persisted) of
bringing water with the possibilities of irrigation, especially for the corn
which for lack of water was valueless as a crop. He realized through his surveys that at least
for irrigating the land so far cultivated, he could get water from a point
closer than the one he had until then considered. The enterprise was started with such
confidence of success that corn was sown where it was thought it could be
irrigated. When there were but few days
left (of Father Crespi’s work) the famous steward of San Louis Obispo (Ignacio
Vallejo) came to our house offering to take the same job at the mission. He started on May 1 at a salary of 200 pesos
in cash. He saw and approved the work
that the two Fathers were doing toward extracting water and, after stating that
within 3 days we would see the corn irrigated, he went out one morning and,
without saying anything to us, he took the people from the work and set them to
digging another ditch a few years further up the river, claiming that what had
been done previously was valueless and, with that, the corn sown was lost and
he spent seven months and used all the workmen in the new ditch. Not a grain of corn was gathered and they got
a little over 400 fanegas of barley.
Because of the folly of this man, a great part of the wheat was lost in
the fields. Less than 400 fanegas were
obtained, when to be conservative we should have expected more than 500. But, finally the water was extracted that
same year in the month of December. From
then on the mission has had irrigation.
Thanks be to God!”
 1783 In his
annual report Serra writes: “To the 7 months’ worth required to take water from
the river for irrigation, as mentioned above, we must add the labor of bringing
it to the lagoon near the mission residence.
In some years, this lagoon used to be dry. Now it is always full, making it a great
convenience and a delight to the mission.
Some salmon (pescado) have been placed in the pool so we have it
handy.”
Fishing and Steelhead: Father Serra’s descriptions best estimate the
carrying capacity of the river is 4,200 or minus 800 or so.
1794 Presidio commanders began land grants to
retired soldiers, which were not approved by the U.S. Land Commission.
1800 Rancho del Convaleciente (Los
Laureles area) was granted as an outpost by the Carmel Mission for its sick
parishioners.
1834 Rancho
Los Tularcitos (six leagues or 26,581 acres from Buckeye Ridge to the Carmel River)
granted to Rafael Gomez.
1835 Rancho Aquavit (Jack’s Peak area - 1/2 league
or 3,323 acres) granted to Gregorio Tapia.
1836 Rancho Corral de Padilla (2,000 varas) granted
to Baldomero.
1837 Rancho El
Potrero de San Carlos (4,307 acres in Carmel Valley,
Portrero area) granted to Fructuoso del Real.
1839 Rancho Canada de la Segundo (bordering the Carmel River
on the South - 1 league or approx. 6,600 acres) granted to Lazaro Soto. Current location of Rancho Canada Golf Club.
1839 Rancho
Canada de Portezuelo (Los Padres forest) granted to Rafael Villavicencio.
1844 Rancho
Los Laureles (2000 varas) granted to Jose Agricio, a resident of the Carmel
Mission.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
1848 The
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, ending the
Mexican War, was signed on February
2, 1848, by Nicholas P. Trist for the United
States and by a special commission representing the
collapsed government of Mexico. Mexico
ceded to the United States Upper California and New Mexico
(including Arizona) and recognized U.S. claims over Texas.
(Crane)
1850 Monterey population –
1,092 (statistics from Association for
Monterey Bay Governments).
1850 Esselen
settlements had relocated to the Carmel
Valley, from the Santa Lucia Mountains.
(Overview, Breschini and Haversat, page 28)
1862 500 year flood event.
1870 (also reported 1880) Railroad partners (Crocker,
Huntington, Stanford and Hopkins) from the Pacific Improvement Company purchase
the Monterey Peninsula and surrounding lands. They hire 700 Chinese laborers to work
building a dam (just downstream of the present San Clemente Dam) and laying a
12 inch iron pipe down Carmel Valley and around the coast to their new Del Monte
Hotel and nearby Monterey.
(Vandevere)
1870 Monterey population – 1,396
1879 Robert Louis
Stevenson describes Monterey’s
water system as windmills “whirling and creaking and filling their cisterns
with the brackish waters of the sands.”
1880 Monterey population –
1,662
1883 First
known dam on the river created ½ mile below site of the current San Clemente
Dam. A masonry dam, built by Chinese
laborers working for the Pacific Improvement Co. (Dettman adds) using native
granite quarried nearby. Windmills and
cisterns abandoned.
1890 Monterey population – 1,745
Pacific Grove population – 1,411
1900 First
golf course.
1900 Monterey population –
1,748
1905 To
increase capacity, Pacific Imp. drills six wells near the lower end of Laureles
Ranch, installs pumps capable of drawing 2M gallons per day, and begins
installing a larger pipe thru the valley and around the peninsula. 500 trees are cut in Carmel to make way for the new pipe. Franklin Devendorf’s Carmel Development Co., promoted
Carmel as a
peaceful colony for artists and writers.
The Development Co. sues Pacific Improvement Co. for “laying waste” to
its property. Injunction granted, but
project eventually completed. Total cost
of 1905 water project: $150,000. (Vandevere)
1906 Earthquake. A honeymooning couple was killed when a chimney collapsed on them in
their hotel room at "Del Monte”. (Crane)
1910 Monterey population –
4,923
Pacific
Grove population – 2,384
1911 Major
flood event, created new land area at Schulte
Rd. (Vandevere)
1914 Major
flood event, water across entire valley. (source?)
1915 Flood
event. High tide backed up the river
waters to the edge of the Carmel Mission.
(Monterey Herald 2/2/15)
1916 Carmel City
population – 638
1919 Rancho Del Monte (11,800 acres
near Rancho Los Laureles and Carmel
Valley Village)
granted to Del Monte Properties.
1919 S.F.B. Morse forms the Del
Monte Properties Co. and purchases Pacific Improvement Co.’s Monterey holdings for $1.3M. (Vandevere)
1920 Monterey population –
5,479
Pacific
Grove population – 2,974
1921 Carmel River
becomes site of several mining operations. (Hampson)
1921 Morse
builds a second dam, just upstream of the original dam. San Clemente Dam backs up 2,000 af of
water. Total cost $300,000. (Vandevere)
1925 Wild boar were introduced to Monterey County around 1925 (Crane)
1927 Robles Del Rio Lodge, with a 9
hold golf course, opens in Carmel
Valley. (Vandevere)
1929 Miller Canyon
fire (Hampson)
1930 Monterey population -
9,141
Pacific
Grove population – 5,558
Carmel City
population – 2,260
1930 Morse
sells water system to Chester Loveland. (Vandevere)
1930 Pine Cone report of artichoke farmers
“…whose fields were being swamped with the dammed flood waters…” manually breaching
the lagoon.
1931 River
freezes bank to bank for first time in 20 years. (source?)
1931 Loveland raises water
rates. Proponents of a public ownership
estimate the cost at $1.8-$2M to purchase water rights. First debate over public, or private water,
management. (Vandevere)
1932 Brown
trout are planted in the river three times between 1932 and 1938 by Department
of Fish and Game. (Alley)
1935 Public
ownership of water supply defeated 2 to 1. (Vandevere)
1939 CW&T provides
water to 7,430 Peninsula customers, irrigates
5 golf courses and services a growing sardine cannery industry. (Vandevere)
1940 Monterey population –
10,084
Pacific Grove population – 6,249
Carmel City
– 2,837
1943 Flood
event. San Clemente dam received 5.40 inches of
rainfall in 48 hours. “During most of
yesterday, over six feet of water was thundering over the spillway at the rate
of 8,000 cf per second, enough to fill the dam seven times each day.” (Monterey Herald 1/22/43)
1945 City of Monterey applies to State
Water Resources board for water rights to Garzas Creek. (Vandevere)
1947 San Clemente Dam is 25% silted. A filter plant opens near San Clemente Dam,
improving water quality. CW&T
releases plans for the Los Padres dam, along with other improvements. Total cost $1.4M. Application for 19,000 af per year storage
capacity was objected by steelhead fishermen and farmers. SWRCB grants 6,000 af per year and limits
season of diversion to 10/1-5/31. (Vandevere)
1948 Los
Padres dam built with mules and one bulldozer. (Crane)
1948 Five golf
courses dependant on Carmel
River watershed.
(Vandevere)
1949 Los
Padres dam was drained for repairs.
CW&T applies for 15% rate increase. PUB grants raise request.
(Vandevere)
1950 Monterey population –
10,084
Pacific Grove – 9,623
Carmel
City – 4,351
Del Rey Oaks – 1,831 (1953)
1950 Flood
event. Carmel Valley
received 3.47 inches in 24 hours and San
Clemente dam 3.44 inches. “Highest levels in 25 years.” (Monterey Herald 11/20/50)
1952 Flood
event. “Heaviest rainfall in 50 years.” Los Padres reported 1.11 inches in 24 hours
and Carmel Valley reported .73 inches. (Monterey Herald 1/16/52)
1953 Flood
event. Rainfall at Los Padres dam was 2.11
inches in 24 hours and Carmel
Valley received 1.48
inches. (Monterey
Herald 4/1/53)
1955- 1956 Rainfall
year was wettest on record for Mt.
Toro since rainfall
records started in 1946. 19.5 inches of
rainfall was reported for the month of December. (Monterey Herald)
1956 CW&T
applies to PUC for 16.6% rate increase.
Cities initiate the formation of a water district to buy out CW&T.
(Vandevere)
1957 PUC
grants rate increase. (Vandevere)
1958 Flood
event. (photo in 10/28/82
Pine Cone)
1959 Monterey
Peninsula Water Mgmt. District initiates efforts to buy out CW&T. (Vandevere)
1960 Monterey population –
22,618
Pacific Grove – 12,121
Carmel City
– 4,580
Carmel
Valley village – 1,143
Carmel
Woods – 1,043
1962 “Construction of an earth levee running approximately 1,500 ft along the
north bank of the Carmel River immediately east of Highway 1, was started.” (Monterey
Herald 12/12/62)
1963 Quail
Resort golf course opens. (Lombardo)
1963 Carmel
River flooding destroys
much of Carmel Valley Road
and Garland Park. (Vandevere)
1964 On
October 27th,, PUC determines
the value of CW&T’s holdings to be $12.7M and Seaside system to be $550,000. (Vandevere)
1965 In the September election, the measure was
defeated 10,766 to 3,053. Loveland sells CW&T
to American Water Works Company. (Vandevere)
1966 Flood event.
San Clemente
and Los Padres dams overflowed. (Monterey
Herald 12/6/66)
1966 American Water Works Company creates
California-American Water Co. to manage the operations of CW&T
systems. (Vandevere)
1969 Flood
event. Bridge at Don Juan ranch is
destroyed. Homes at Robles del Rio are severely damaged.
Carmel Valley received 2.25 inches in 48 hours,
Los Padres 6.17 inches and San
Clemente 5.66 inches.
(Monterey Herald 1/27/69)
1970 Monterey
population – 26,302
Pacific Grove – 13,505
Carmel City
– 5,525
CV Village – 3,026
Del Rey Oaks – 1,823
Sand City
- 212
1970 Cal-Am
announces Peninsula water shortage. Current use is at 15,000 af per year. Cal-Am proposes a dam in two stages. Stage one will be completed in five years and
supply the Monterey
Peninsula until
1985. The cost will be $8.5M, with a
240’ high dam yielding 25,000 af of water per year. The second phase, to be built in the ‘80s,
would yield 42,000 af per year, adequate to supply the Peninsula
until 2000. This stage would cost $14M
and raise the height to 350’. Importing
water from the San Luis project in the Valley would be less expensive, but is
rejected as the water would not be available for 15 years. Cachagua community opposes dam project.
(Vandevere)
1970 Rancho de La Canada golf course opens.
(Lombardo)
1971 Cachagua
dam project abandoned. A new San Clemente dam is
proposed that would create a 40,000 af reservoir and yield 21,000 af per
year. Army Corp. of Engineers recommends
a flood control component versus the original dam. (Vandevere)
1972 Airstrip
built on Ponciano Ridge, upstream of San Clemente Reservoir. (Fuerst)
1973-1975 Airstrip erosion sends sediment into Carmel River
drainage. High flows of 1978, 1983 and
1986 send sediment downstream to the San
Clemente reservoir (Fuerst and Dettman).
1976 Drought
event, both San Clemente
and Los Padres reservoirs were down approximately 6 inches. (Dorrence, Herald 1/20/76)
1977 Monterey Peninsula Water Management District
is created to augment, protect and manage water resources. (Hampson and Dettman)
1978 Marble
cone fire from Robles Del Rio to the Coast burned for two weeks. It was caused by a lightening bolt at 3:39PM August 1st. It was unique “…the largest loss owing to
lightning in the last 60-70 years.” It
was estimated to be three to five years before fisheries would recover. “Wildlife
moved back into areas where water was available.” Runoff from burn contributed to sediment in
reservoirs. Total damage from the fire
was $72.32M. Burn area was 18 percent of
the Carmel River watershed. Carmel Valley
received .86 inches of rainfall in 24 hours, Los Padres received 1.45” and San Clemente received
1.82. (Monterey
Herald 2/13/78, 8/2/78,
8/8/78)
1978
Landmark Land Company of Oklahoma,
developer of Carmel Valley Ranch Resort, finds the "Tularcitos
Aquifer" which allegedly was to to supply their water was
non-existent. "Exhibit E" of the conditions for the subdivision which
covered water was "lost" in the Monterey County Planning
Department. California American Water Company was required to serve
the subdivision. (Crane)
1980 Monterey population –
27,558
Pacific Grove – 15,755
Carmel City
– 4,707
Carmel Village
– 4,407
Del Rey Oaks – 1,126
Sand City
– 182
1980 Army
Corps of Engineers proposes 150,000 af flood control dam. (Fuerst and Dettman)
1980 Flood
event. “Carmel River
changed its course and eroded up to 100 ft of land from five lots, threatening
homes. Inexpensive flood control uses
concrete rip-rap, posts, fence wire and auto bodies. Carmel
River is flowing at 4,000
cf per second and nearly six af per minute. The aquifers are full.” (Monterey
Herald 1/14/80 and 3/9/80)
1983 Flood
year, bank erosion. Channel width from
80 feet to 1000 feet. “Carmel River
peaked at 8,800 cfs and a height of 8 ½ feet at Robles Del Rio
Bridge.” Large steelhead
run. (Monterey
Herald 3/5/83)
1983 First
memorandum of agreement requiring the release of flow from the base of San Clemente dam.
(Vandevere)
1984 Carmel Valley
flood plain ordinance enacted. Flood
insurance study completed. (Hampson)
1986 City of Carmel sues MPWMD over
water allocation. CEQA studies were not
used to determine allocation structure. (Monterey
Herald article 11/9/86)
1987 Advisory
vote to proceed with the planning of the new San Clemente dam project passes 2 to 1. (Fuerst)
1990 Monterey population –
31,954
Pacific Grove – 16,117
Carmel
City – 4,239
Carmel
Valley village – 4,407
Del Rey
Oaks – 1,150
Sand City
- 192
1990 Flood event.
1992 Esselen
Indians protest location of planned Los Padres dam because it would create a
reservoir that would inundate sacred sites. (Monterey Herald 9/10/92)
1993 MPWMD
lifts moratorium due to a new water source at Seaside aquifer, Peralta well. (Fuerst)
1993 MPWMD begins
steelhead spawning habitat restoration project (gravel infill to river bed).
1994 Pebble Beach
courses begin using reclaimed water.
(Fuerst)
1994 Monterey
Peninsula Water Management District begins irrigation and re-vegetation of the
riparian corridor of the Carmel
River including “fish
rescues” and habitat improvement projects. (Pine
Cone 2/1/94)
1995 Three flood
events. January 10-11 heavy rains caused
the Carmel River lagoon to reach 9’ and flood the
surrounding areas and river banks. March 14th, 1995 the Herald reports “All but one of 40 homes in De Los Helechos area of
Carmel Valley was damaged by flooding.” Cachagua area was inaccessible with mudslides
and swollen creeks overtaking roads. The
flow at Los Padres dam was measured to 6,864 cf per second. San
Clemente dam was flowing at 4.53 feet over
spillway. Rainfall peaked at 12.36
inches in two days at Ponciano Ridge. (Monterey Herald 1/20/95, 3/14/95
and 3/10/95)
1995 Bridge
destroyed at Robles del Rio, homes flooded in
January and March, erosion at the riverbanks at the mouth of the Valley. (Crane)
1995 Vote to fund construction and operation of the
new Los Padres dam project is rejected 57% to 43%. (Vandevere)
1995 California
State Water Resources Control Board issues Order 95/10 on California-American
Water Company after complaints filed by Carmel
river Steelhead Association, Residents Water Committee, Sierra club &
California Department of parks & Recreation. and Decision 1632. (Sanders)
1995 California
State Water Resources Control Board issues Order 95/10 on California-American
Water Company after complaints filed by Carmel
river Steelhead Association, Residents Water Committee, Sierra club &
California Department of parks & Recreation. and Decision 1632. (Sanders)
1995 First
Amended Petition for writ of Mandate; Carmel River Steelhead Association,
Sierra Club & California Sportfishing Protection alliance VS State
of California Water Resources Control Board and State of California, sought to augment
groundwater pumping downstream from the "Narrows"
in order to keep more water in the river below San Clemente Dam. the Board
should reformulate minimum flow requirement consistent with preservation &
enhancement of instream uses, especially fishery resources and mandatory
rationing or reduction in consumptive use when flows meet the standards of
CDFG Code { 5937 are not provided.
1996 ESA
listing (threatened) on the red legged frog (Rana aurora draytinii). (Fuerst)
1996 Water
Rights Order 98-04 amending Decision 1631 & WR 95-10 and WR95-10
is revised. (Sanders)
1996 Memorandum
of Understanding. Minimum Pool & Flows to be released from Los
Padres Dam, and agreement on flows at Clemente dam & Sleepy Hollow Weir.
(Sanders)
 1997 ESA
listing (threatened) on steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). (Fuerst)
1998 Flood
event. Carmel River
bridge was destroyed. Homes along the
river were flooded and damaged. (Crane)
1999 Carmel River
named number 8 on a list of 10 most endangered rivers from the American Rivers
1999 survey. It is the only endangered
river in California. (Monterey Herald 4/12/99)
2000 NMFS
issued 4D Rules for the 14 Endangered species Units (ESU's) (Sanders)
Compiled by members of the
Carmel River Watershed Council, Charity Crane, Patricia Bernardi, Vicki Saris
& Louise Bishop from an initial study by interns from Monterey Institute of
International Studies, Casey Brennan, Gretal Follingstad & Shannon Dionne
and Jonathan Berkey, Coordinator CRWC.
Edited by Frances Rossi and Clive Sanders,
Administrator CRWC.
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